DVT: deep venous thrombosis; IVC: inferior vena cava.
* Manifestations of DVT that are concerning for potential or actual limb-threatening ischemia include sudden severe pain, swelling, cyanosis, edema, venous gangrene, compartment syndrome, and absent pulses. Delay in treatment may result in circulatory collapse, shock, death, or loss of the patient's limb.
¶ If catheter-directed thrombolysis is not available, consider transfer to a center with expertise or administer systemic thrombolysis.
Δ The minimum duration of anticoagulation is 3 months; however, select patients may be candidates for indefinite anticoagulant therapy. Choice of anticoagulant is dependent upon several factors including patient preference, underlying risk factors, cost, and previous history of renal insufficiency and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Refer to UpToDate text for details.