Mechanisms of food allergy

Cells involved in desensitization, remission, and tolerance. There are overlaps between the states of desensitization and sustained unresponsiveness (remission); thus far, there are no distinctive biomarkers to show which state starts at which time period. Mast cells and basophils play a role in desensitization. Direct in vivo evidence has been demonstrated in murine models, and human findings suggest comparable associations. Similarly, "remission" and "tolerance" are overlapping, and, thus far, three are no clear biomarkers. Tolerogenic DCs, Treg cells, Breg cells, and effector cell/Treg and Breg cell ratios are present during remission and long-term tolerance. Distinct mechanisms responsible for the immune response shifting from a state of remission into long-term tolerance are not known.