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A comparison of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes

A comparison of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes
  Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes CFRD
Onset Acute Insidious Insidious
Peak age of onset Children and adolescents Adults 18 to 24 years
Autoantibodies (+)* Yes No Rare
Insulin secretion Eventually absent Decreased Severely decreased but not absent
Insulin sensitivity Somewhat decreased Severely decreased Somewhat decreased
Treatment Insulin

Diet, oral meds

Insulin		 Insulin
Ketosis prone Yes Rarely Rarely
Microvascular complications Yes Yes Yes (but less)
Macrovascular complications Yes Yes Rare (case reports)[1,2]
Cause of death

Cardiovascular disease

Nephropathy		 Cardiovascular disease Pulmonary disease
CFRD: cystic fibrosis-related diabetes; GAD65: glutamic acid decarboxylase 65; IA2: tyrosine phosphatase; ZnT8: zinc transporter 8.
* Islet cell autoantibodies are characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus and include antibodies directed at insulin, GAD65, the 40K fragment of IA2, and/or ZnT8.
¶ Insulin sensitivity becomes severely decreased during acute illness.
References:
  1. Onady GM, Farinet CL. An adult cystic fibrosis patient presenting with persistent dyspnea: case report. BMC Pulm Med 2006; 6:9.
  2. Aratari MT, Venuta F, De Giacomo T, Rendina EA, Anile M, Diso D, et al. Lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis: ten years of experience. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:2001.
Modified from: O'Riordan SM, Robinson PD, Donaghue KC, Moran A. Management of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes 2009; 10:43. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00587.x/abstract. Copyright © 2009. Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons Inc. This image has been provided by or is owned by Wiley. Further permission is needed before it can be downloaded to PowerPoint, printed, shared or emailed. Please contact Wiley's permissions department either via email: permissions@wiley.com or use the RightsLink service by clicking on the 'Request Permission' link accompanying this article on Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com).
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