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Effectiveness of methods used to treat tobacco dependence

Effectiveness of methods used to treat tobacco dependence
Nonpharmacologic methods
Method

Versus minimal or usual care unless otherwise noted

Risk ratio (95% CI)
Behavioral counseling
Individual counseling[1] 1.57 (1.40-1.77)
Group counseling[2] 1.88 (1.52-2.33)
Telephone quit line counseling[3] 1.38 (1.19-1.61)
Clinician counseling[4]
Brief advice 1.66 (1.42-1.94)
Brief counseling 1.86 (1.60-2.15)
Brief counseling (versus brief advice) 1.37 (1.20-1.56)
Pharmacologic methods
Method
(number of trials)

Versus placebo unless otherwise noted

Risk ratio (95% CI)
First-line pharmacotherapies*
Nicotine replacement[5]
All types combined 1.55 (1.49-1.61)
Combination [versus individual products][6] 1.25 (1.15-1.36)
Patch (43) 1.64 (1.53-1.75)
Gum (56) 1.49 (1.40-1.60)
Lozenge (7) 1.52 (1.32-1.74)
Inhaler (4) 1.90 (1.36-2.67)
Nasal spray (4) 2.02 (1.49-2.73)
Varenicline[7] (27) 2.24 (2.06-2.43)
Bupropion SR[8] (46) 1.64 (1.52-1.77)
Combined pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic method
Method

Versus minimal or usual care unless otherwise noted

Risk ratio (95% CI)
Behavioral counseling plus pharmacotherapies[2] (52) RR 1.83 (1.68-1.98)
SR: sustained release.
* First-line drugs as recommended by the 2008 US Public Health Service guideline.
References:
  1. Lancaster T, Stead LF. Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 3:CD001292.
  2. Stead LF, Carroll AJ, Lancaster T. Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 2:CD001007.
  3. Matkin W, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Hartmann-Boyce J. Telephone counselling for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 5:CD002850.
  4. Stead LF, Buitrago D, Preciado N, et al. Physician advice for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 5:CD000165.
  5. Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin SC, Ye W, et al. Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 5:CD000146.
  6. Lindson N, Chepkin SC, Ye W, et al. Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 4:CD013308.
  7. Cahill K, Lindson-Hawley N, Thomas KH, et al. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 2016:CD006103.
  8. Howes S, Hartmann-Boyce J, Livingstone-Banks J, et al. Antidepressants for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 4:CD000031.
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