| Substance or medication | Examples |
| Alcohol and sedatives/hypnotics | Alcohol (intoxication or withdrawal), barbiturates, and benzodiazepines (particularly withdrawal) |
| Anabolic steroids | Testosterone, methyltestosterone |
| Analgesics | Meperidine, pentazocine, indomethacin |
| Anticholinergics | Atropine, scopolamine |
| Antidepressants | Bupropion, others if triggering a manic switch |
| Antiseizure medications | Zonisamide, other antiseizure medications at high doses |
| Antimalarial | Mefloquine, chloroquine |
| Antiparkinsonian | Levodopa, selegiline, amantadine, pramipexole, bromocriptine |
| Antivirals | Abacavir, efavirenz, nevirapine, acyclovir |
| Cannabinoids | Marijuana, synthetic cannabinoids (ie, "spice"), dronabinol |
| Cardiovascular | Digoxin, disopyramide, propafenone, quinidine |
| Corticosteroids | Prednisone, dexamethasone, etc |
| Hallucinogens | LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), PCP (phencyclidine), ketamine, psilocybin-containing mushrooms, mescaline, synthetic "designer drugs" (eg, 2-CB, "N-Bomb" [25I-NBOMe]), salvia divinorum |
| Inhalants | Toluene, butane, gasoline |
| Interferons | Interferon alfa-2a/2b |
| Over-the-counter | Dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine, some decongestants |
| Stimulants | Cocaine, amphetamine/methamphetamine, methylphenidate, certain diet pills, "bath salts" (MDPV [methylenedioxypyrovalerone], mephedrone), MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)/ecstasy |
| Toxins | Carbon monoxide, organophosphates, heavy metals (eg, arsenic, manganese, mercury, thallium) |
