| Nonvasculitic inflammatory brain diseases |
| Demyelinating inflammatory brain diseases (multiple sclerosis, ADEM) |
| Antibody mediated inflammatory brain diseases (anti-NMDAR encephalitis, limbic encephalitis, neuromyelitis optica, Hashimoto encephalitis, pediatric autoinflammatory neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections) |
| T cell parenchymal inflammatory brain diseases (Rasmussen encephalitis) |
| Granulomatous inflammatory brain diseases (neurosarcoidosis) |
| Infections |
| Tuberculosis |
| JC virus |
| Metabolic diseases |
| Mitochondrial encephalopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) |
| Rolandic mitochondrial encephalopathy (ROME) |
| Polymerase gamma deficiency |
| Malignancies |
| Angiocentric lymphoma |
