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Vaccination of persons with asplenia or sickle cell disease

Vaccination of persons with asplenia or sickle cell disease
Vaccine Asplenia or sickle cell disease
Recommendation Strength, evidence quality
Haemophilus influenzae b conjugate U: age <5 years Strong, moderate
R: age ≥5 years Weak, low
Hepatitis A U Strong, moderate
Hepatitis B U Strong, moderate
Diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, acellular pertussis; tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid; tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and reduced acellular pertussis U Strong, moderate
Human papillomavirus U Strong, moderate
Influenza-inactivated (inactivated influenza vaccine) U Strong, moderate
Influenza-live attenuated (live attenuated influenza vaccine) X Weak, very low
Measles, mumps, and rubella-live U Strong, moderate
Measles, mumps, and rubella-varicella-live U Strong, moderate
Meningococcal conjugate* R Strong, low
Meningococcal serogroup B R if age ≥10 yearsΔ Strong, low
Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13) U: age <6 years Strong, moderate
R: age ≥6 years§ Strong, very low
Pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV23) R: age ≥2 years¥ Strong, low
Polio-inactivated (inactivated poliovirus vaccine) U Strong, moderate
Rotavirus-live U Strong, moderate
Varicella-live U Strong, moderate
Zoster-live U Strong, moderate
Refer to related UpToDate content for immunization schedules and additional details.
R: recommended—administer if not previously administered or not current; such patients may be at increased risk for this vaccine-preventable infection; U: usual—administer if patient not current with recommendations for dose(s) of vaccine for immunocompetent persons in risk and age categories; X: contraindicated.
* Only the quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Menomune, MPSV4) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for individuals ≥56 years of age; however, this vaccine was discontinued in 2017. In addition, a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (Menactra or Menveo) is preferred by the United States Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for individuals in this age group who are expected to require revaccination since limited data demonstrate a higher antibody response after a subsequent dose of a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine compared with a subsequent dose of the quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine.
¶ A two-dose primary series should be administered with an additional dose every five years.
Δ A meningococcal serogroup B vaccine should be administered as either a two-dose series of Bexsero or a three-dose series of Trumenba.
◊ Two doses of PCV13 for children aged two to five years who have not received doses of PCV or received <3 doses of PCV7.
§ If PCV13 has not been administered. For patients aged ≥19 years who have received PPSV23, PCV13 should be administered after an interval of ≥1 year after the last PPSV23 dose (weak, low).
¥ Administer eight or more weeks after indicated dose(s) of PCV13 with a single revaccination with PPSV23 five years after the initial dose (strong, moderate).
References:
  1. Cohn AC, MacNeil JR, Clark TA, et al. Prevention and control of meningococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 2013; 62:1.
  2. Rubin LG, Levin MJ, Ljungman P, et al. 2013 IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline for Vaccination of the Immunocompromised Host. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 58:e44.
  3. Folaranmi T, Rubin L, Martin SW, et al. Use of serogroup B meningococcal vaccines in persons aged ≥10 years at increased risk for serogroup B meningococcal disease: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015; 64:608.
  4. Kim DK, Riley LE, Harriman KH, et al. Recommended Immunization schedule for adults aged 19 years or older, United States, 2017. Ann Intern Med 2017; 166:209.
Adapted from: Rubin LG, Levin MJ, Ljungman P, et al. 2013 IDSA clinical practice guideline for vaccination of the immunocompromised host. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 58:e44. By permission of the Infectious Disease Society of America. Copyright © 2013 Oxford University Press. Available at: https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/vaccination-of-the-immunocompromised-host/.
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