| Alcohol |
| Amiodarone |
| Antiseizure medications |
| Barbiturates |
| Benzodiazepines |
| Bismuth |
| Bromides |
| Carbon tetrachloride |
| Chemotherapeutic agents (particularly high-dose cytarabine, fluorouracil, and asparaginase) |
| Cyclosporine |
| Glucocorticoids (high-dose) |
| Heavy metals (particularly mercury and manganese) |
| Lithium |
| Metronidazole |
| Phencyclidine |
| Piperazine |
| Tacrolimus |
| Thallium |
| Toluene |
| Zidovudine |
