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Neuroleptic malignant syndrome diagnostic criteria: Expert panel consensus

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome diagnostic criteria: Expert panel consensus
Diagnostic criterion Priority score*
Exposure to dopamine antagonist, or dopamine agonist withdrawal, within past 72 hours 20
Hyperthermia (>100.4°F or >38.0°C on at least 2 occasions, measured orally) 18
Rigidity 17
Mental status alteration (reduced or fluctuating level of consciousness) 13
Creatine kinase elevation (at least 4 times the upper limit of normal) 10
Sympathetic nervous system lability, defined as at least 2 of the following:
  • Blood pressure elevation (systolic or diastolic ≥25 percent above baseline)
  • Blood pressure fluctuation (≥20 mmHg diastolic change or ≥25 mmHg systolic change within 24 hours)
  • Diaphoresis
  • Urinary incontinence
10
Hypermetabolism, defined as heart-rate increase (≥25 percent above baseline) AND respiratory-rate increase (≥50 percent above baseline) 5
Negative work-up for infectious, toxic, metabolic, or neurologic causes 7
  Total: 100
No threshold score has been defined and validated for us in making a diagnosis of NMS.
* The mean priority score indexes each criterion according to its relative importance in making a diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) according to an expert panel.
Gurrera RJ, Caroff SN, Cohen A, et al. An International Consensus Study of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria Using the Delphi Method. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Volume 72, Pages 1222-8, 2011. Copyright © 2011, Physicians Postgraduate Press. Reprinted with permission.
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