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The standard skeletal survey

The standard skeletal survey
Appendicular skeleton
Humeri (AP)
Forearms (AP)
Hands (PA)
Femurs (AP)
Lower legs (AP)
Feet (AP)
Axial skeleton
Thorax (AP, lateral, right and left oblique views) to include the ribs, thoracic spine, and upper lumbar spine
Ribs (oblique views)
Abdomen (AP, to include the pelvis)
Lumbosacral spine (lateral)
Skull (frontal and lateral)*
Cervical spine (lateral [if not completely visualized on lateral skull])
Technique
High resolution
High contrast
AP: anteroposterior; PA: posteroanterior.
*Omit skull radiographs if the child will undergo computed tomography of the head with three-dimensional reconstruction.
Adapted from:
  1. Section on Radiology; American Academy of Pediatrics. Diagnostic imaging of child abuse. Pediatrics 2009; 123:1430.
  2. The American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria. Suspected physical abuse - child. Available at the following link.
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