| Intestinal obstruction |
| Adhesions |
| Malignancy |
| Motility disorder |
| Diabetes |
| Scleroderma |
| Pseudo-obstruction |
| Medications |
| Irritable bowel syndrome |
| Malabsorption |
| Lactose intolerance |
| Fructose intolerance |
| Celiac disease |
| Pancreatic insufficiency |
| Infectious |
| Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth |
| Giardiasis |
| Psychological |
| Anxiety (aerophagia) |
| Dietary |
| Gas-producing foods |
| FODMAPs |
| Changes in atmospheric pressure |
