Approach |
Example |
Description |
Inclusive |
RDC (Research Diagnostic Criteria) |
Includes somatic symptoms in diagnostic criteria |
Exclusive |
HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) |
Completely excludes somatic symptoms |
Substitutive |
Endicott |
Substitutes cognitive for somatic symptomatology |
Etiologic |
- |
Determines whether particular symptom is due to medical causes before including or excluding in diagnostic criteria for depression |
Increased threshold |
- |
The increased threshold approach requires that 7, rather than 5, out of 9 DSM-IV criterion symptoms be present in order to qualify for a diagnosis of major depression |