Patient tasks |
Joint protection |
Energy conservation |
Exercise - Non-weightbearing if severe foot disease present or weightbearing for osteoporosis
- Aerobic exercise for 30 minutes on most days
- Muscle strengthening
- Range of motion
|
Avoid environmental exposures that might exacerbate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
Wear appropriate footwear |
Limit intake of alcohol |
Maintain normal body weight (body mass index of between 18.5 and 24.9) |
Clinician tasks |
Administer vaccine - Pneumonia
- Influenza annually
|
Check blood pressure at all clinician visits and sometimes at home* |
Evaluate self-monitoring of blood glucose |
Foot examination at all clinician visits if neuropathy present; otherwise, check feet for protective sensation, structure, biomechanics, vascular status, and skin integrity annually |
Laboratory tests - Microalbuminuria annually if not already present
- Creatinine level and electrolytes at least 1 to 2 times per year
- Cholesterol levels annually
- Liver function biannually
- Glycosylated hemoglobin level biannually to quarterly, depending on level of control
|
Referrals - Physical therapy
- Ophthalmologic examination
- Pulmonary rehabilitation
- Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan every other year
|
Patient education - High-risk foot conditions, foot care, and foot wear
- Osteoarthritis
- COPD medication and delivery system training
- Diabetes mellitus
|