| Small intestinal stasis |
| Anatomic abnormalities |
| Small intestinal diverticulosis |
| Surgically created blind loops (end-to-side anastomosis) |
| Strictures (Crohn disease, radiation, surgery) |
| Abnormal small intestinal motility |
| Diabetes mellitus |
| Scleroderma |
| Idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction |
| Radiation enteritis |
| Crohn disease |
| Abnormal communication between the proximal and distal gastrointestinal tract |
| Gastrocolic or jejunocolic fistula |
| Resection of the ileocecal valve |
| Associations usually with multifactorial causes |
| Hypochlorhydria due to atrophic gastritis or medications. These are usually not clinically significant unless they coexist with concomitant motility disturbances of the small bowel. |
| Immunodeficiency states (common variable immunodeficiency, AIDS, severe malnutrition) |
| Chronic pancreatitis |
| Cirrhosis |
| Alcoholism |
| End-stage kidney disease |
| Advanced age |
| Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in children |
