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Uptodate Reference Title
Diagnostic approach to the prepubertal male with dysuria
Diagnostic approach to the prepubertal male with dysuria
UTI may coexist with noninfectious etiologies. Unless the cause of dysuria is obvious on physical examination (eg, balanoposthitis, chemical irritation, diaper dermatitis, obvious local trauma, or viral exanthem) a urine specimen for rapid dipstick should be obtained in all patients. Urinalysis and urine culture should also be obtained if the urine dipstick suggests a UTI (refer to UpToDate topics on diagnosis of UTI in children).
PCR: polymerase chain reaction; UTI: urinary tract infection. * In boys, self-manipulation and masturbation are common causes of local injury. ¶ Sexual abuse should be suspected in prepubertal males with genital herpes infection or urethritis, and testing for Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis is warranted. Δ In addition to Stevens-Johnson, varicella infection, Behçet syndrome, mycoplasma-induced rash and mucositis, and reactive arthritis with urethritis and conjunctivitis, potential causes include Kawasaki disease, other inflammatory disorders, and urinary tuberculosis. Refer to appropriate UpToDate topics. ◊ Refer to UpToDate topics and algorithms on the evaluation of symptomatic microscopic hematuria in children.
