| Dysmyelinating |
| Adrenoleukodystrophy |
| Metachromatic leukodystrophy |
| Krabbe disease |
| Alexander disease |
| Canavan van Bogaert disease |
| Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease |
| Phenylketonuria |
| Demyelinating |
| Autoimmune |
| Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis |
| Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy |
| Multiple sclerosis |
| Neuromyelitis optica |
| Infectious |
| Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy |
| Toxic/metabolic |
| Carbon monoxide |
| Vitamin B12 deficiency |
| Mercury intoxication (Minamata disease) |
| Alcohol/tobacco amblyopia |
| Central pontine myelinolysis |
| Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome |
| Hypoxia |
| Radiation |
| Vascular |
| Binswanger disease |
