| Function | Deficiency syndrome | Main sources | |
| Water-soluble | |||
| B1 (thiamine) | Thiamine pyrophosphate | Beriberi - dry (peripheral neuropathy) or wet (heart failure), Wernicke encephalopathy (nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia) | Wheat germ, whole grains, dried beans, oatmeal, brown rice, pork, liver |
| B2 (riboflavin) | Flavine adenine dinucleotide | Nonspecific symptoms including edema of mucus membranes, angular stomatitis, glossitis, and seborrheic dermatitis | Milk products, meat, cheese, eggs, liver, ocean fish, dark green leafy vegetables, whole grains, whey powder |
| B3 (niacin, nicotinic acid) | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide | Pellagra (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia) | Peanuts, peas, liver, poultry, fish, lean meat, bran |
| B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal) | Transaminase cofactor | Anemia, weakness, insomnia, difficulty walking, nasolabial seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis, stomatitis | Bananas, chick peas, fortified cereals, yeast, potatoes, brown rice, salmon, chicken, tuna, liver |
| B12 (cobalamin) | One carbon transfer | Megaloblastic anemia (pernicious anemia), neurologic symptoms (subacute combined degeneration) | Clams, salmon, liver, egg yolk, meat, lentils, spinach, fortified cereals |
| Folate | One carbon transfer | Megaloblastic anemia | Liver, spinach, avocado, lentils, fortified cereals, enriched rice |
| Biotin | Pyruvate carboxylase cofactor | Nonspecific symptoms including altered mental status, myalgia, dysesthesias, anorexia, maculosquamous dermatitis | |
| Pantothenate | Coenzyme A | Nonspecific symptoms including paresthesias, dysesthesias ("burning feet"), anemia, gastrointestinal symptoms | Fortified cereals, shiitake mushrooms, white mushrooms, sunflower seeds, salmon, beef, chicken |
| C (ascorbate) | Antioxidant, collagen synthesis | Scurvy - fatigue, petechiae, ecchymoses, bleeding gums, depression, dry skin, impaired wound healing | Citric fruits, peppers, papaya, broccoli, brussel sprouts, strawberries, paprika, kohlrabi |
| Fat-soluble | |||
| A (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid) | Vision, epithelial differentiation, antioxidant | Night blindness, xerophthalmia, keratomalacia, Bitot's spot, follicular hyperkeratosis | Cod-liver oil, milk products, carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, pumpkin, dark leafy green vegetables, butter, egg yolk |
| D (cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol) | Prohormone for calcium regulation | Rickets, osteomalacia, craniotabes | Cod-liver oil, fatty fish, milk, egg yolk, liver, maitake mushrooms, fortified cereals |
| E (tocopherols) | Antioxidant | Sensory and motor neuropathy, ataxia, retinal degeneration, hemolytic anemia | Sunflower seeds, almonds, fortified cereals, sunflower oil, safflower oil, spinach, turnip greens, collard |
| K (phylloquinone, menaquinone, menadione) | Clotting factors, bone proteins | Hemorrhagic disease | Cooked collard greens, spinach, kale, mustard greens, raw spinach, cooked brussel sprouts, asparagus, green leaf lettuce, kiwi, dried prunes |
