BMD and bone turnover markers are independent predictors of hip fracture risk

Low BMD was defined according to the WHO guidelines, ie, by a value 2.5 SD or more below the young-adult mean (T-score ≤2.5). High bone resorption was defined by CTX or free D-Pyr values higher than the upper limit (mean +2 SD) of the premenopausal range. Females with both low hip BMD and high bone resorption were at a higher risk of hip fracture than those with either low hip BMD or high bone resorption.