| Reference/year | Age/sex | Underlying disease | Endoscopic procedures | Complications | Diagnostic findings and imaging | Outcome | |
| 1 | Simmons et al, 1988 | 23/F | Bile duct stone | ES | Portal venous gas | Radiographs during ERCP | Uneventful |
| 2 | Merine et al, 1989 | 39/F | Papillary stenosis | ES | Retroperitoneal perforation Pancreatitis Portal venous gas | Abdominal CT | Recovered |
| 3 | Blind et al, 1991 | 60/M | Bile duct stone | ES | Moderate bleeding Portal venous gas | Radiographs during ERCP | Recovered |
| 4 | Barthet et al, 1994 | 31/M | Bile duct stenosis | ES | Mild bleeding Portal venous gas | Radiographs during ERCP | Uneventful |
| 5 | Herman et al, 1995 | 46/M | Liver transplant for cirrhosis | ES | Moderate bleeding Portal venous gas | Radiographs during ERCP | Recovered |
| 6 | Tighe et al, 1996 | 31/M | Cirrhosis and portal cavernoma | ES Balloon dilation | Moderate bleeding Portal venous gas and opacification | Radiographs during ERCP | Recovered |
| 7 | Kennedy et al, 1997 | 63/F | Bile duct stone | ES Stone extraction | Mild bleeding Venous air embolism Cardiorespiratory arrest | Radiographs during ERCP and post-mortem | Death |
| 8 | Nayagam et al, 2004 | 56/M | Malignant bile duct stenosis | Biliary stent | Venous and arterial air embolism Cerebral ischemia | Echocardiography Autopsy | Death |
| 9 | Giuly et al, 2005 | 60/F | Bile duct stenosis Myeloma multiple | Biliary stent | Venous air embolism Hypoxemia and shock | Echocardiography | Recovered |
| 10 | Siddiqui et al, 2005 | 43/F | Recent liver biopsy Ampullary adenoma | ES Brushing and biopsy | Venous air embolism Cardiorespiratory arrest | Radiographs during ERCP (post-mortem review) Autopsy | Death |
| 11 | Mohammedi et al, 2005 | 27/M | Hepatic trauma Biliary fistula | ES | Venous air embolism Hypoxemia and shock | Cardiac auscultation | Recovered |
| 12 | Stabile et al, 2006 | 65/M | Previous PTBD and ES Biliary colic and icterus | Cholangiography | Venous and arterial air embolism Cerebral ischemia | Thoracoabdominal and head CT Autopsy | Death |
| 13 | Rabe et al, 2006 | 87/M | Benign biliary stricture Patent foramen ovale | Disobstruction of metal biliary stent | Venous and arterial air embolism Unconsciousness and hemiparesis | Head CT | Hemiparesis |
| 14 | Rabe et al, 2006 | 54/M | Portal vein cavernoma Patent foramen ovale | Balloon revision of obstructed metal biliary stent | Brisk bleeding Venous air embolism Cardiorespiratory arrest | Echocardiography Autopsy | Death |
| 15 | Tan et al, 2008 | 82/F | Ampullary adenoma | Metal biliary stent | Venous and arterial air embolism Cardiorespiratory arrest Cerebral ischemia | Thoracoabdominal and head CT | Death |
| 16 | Bisceglia et al, 2009 | 78/M | Bile duct stone Cholangitis and liver abscesses Biliary-duodenal fistula | Stone extraction | Veno-biliary fistula Venous and arterial air embolism Cardiorespiratory arrest | Thoracoabdominal and head CT Autopsy | Death |
| 17 | Romberg, 2009 | 53/M | Bile duct stone | Mechanical lithotripsy | Moderate bleeding Porto-biliary fistula Venous and arterial air embolism Hypoxemia, shock, and unconsciousness | Transesophageal echocardiography | Recovered |
| 18 | Rangappa et al, 2009 | 50/F | Bile duct stone Cholecystectomy Patent foramen ovale | Widening of sphincterotomy Stone extraction | Venous and arterial air embolism | Head CT Autopsy | Death |
| 19 | Cha et al, 2010 | 50/F | Bile duct stones Choledocoduodenostomy Liver abscesses | Stone extraction | Venous air embolism Cardiorespiratory arrest | Chest radiograph Abdominal CT | Death |
| 20 | Going et al, 2010 | 72/F | Cholangiocarcinoma | Cholangioscopy ERCP | Venous air embolism Cardiorespiratory arrest Cerebral ischemia | Abdominal radiograph Transesophageal echocardiography Head MRI | Recovered |
| 21 | Arguelles Garcia et al, 2010 | 82/M | Previous ES Cholangitis Bile duct stones | Balloon dilatation Stone extraction | Venous and arterial air embolism Hypoxemia, shock and hemiparesis Cerebral ischemia | Head CT | Death |
| 22 | Van Boxel et al, 2010 | 82/M | Bile duct stones Bile duct stent | Removal of bile duct stent | Venous and arterial air embolism Myocardial and cerebral ischemia | Electrocardiogram Head CT | Recovered |
| 23 | Finsterer et al, 2010 | 59/F | Choledochojejunostomy Recurrent cholangitis and liver abscesses | Removal of bile duct stent | Venous and arterial air embolism Hypoxemia and shock | Thoracoabdominal and head CT | Death |
| 24 | Mal et al, 2010 | 78/F | Cholangitis Bilio-digestive anastomosis | Dilatation of bilio-digestive | Mild bleeding Venous air embolism | Echocardiography Autopsy | Death |
| 25 | Di Pisa et al, 2011 | 8/M | Portal cavernoma Post-sphincterotomy bleeding | Removal of covered metal stent | Moderate bleeding Venous air embolism Cardiorespiratory arrest | Transesophageal echocardiography | Recovered |
| 26 | Jow et al, 2011 | 65/M | Chronic pancreatitis Pancreatic pseudocyst | Pancreatic sphincterotomy Pancreatic stent EUS-guided cyst-gastrostomy | Venous air embolism Cardiorespiratory arrest | Radiographs post-mortem Autopsy | Death |
| 27 | Bechi et al, 2011 | 79/F | Bile duct stones | ES | Venous air embolism | Echocardiography | Recovered |
| 28 | Maccarone et al, 2011 | 45/M | Bile duct stones Patent foramen ovale | Rendez-vous technique | Venous and arterial air embolism Shock and cerebral ischemia | Transesophageal echocardiography Head MRI | Residual neurologic deficit |
| 29 | Nern et al, 2012 | 58/F | Suspected Klatskin tumor Echinococcus of the liver Patent foramen ovale | Liver biopsy Biliary stent | Venous and arterial air embolism Cerebral infarctions | Thoracoabdominal and head CT Autopsy | Death |
| 30 | Chavalitdhamrong and Draganov, 2013 | 66/M | Bile duct stricture Patent foramen ovale | Stent exchange | Venous and arterial air embolism Cerebral infarctions | Echocardiography Thoracoabdominal and head CT | Death |
| 31 | Chavalitdhamrong and Draganov, 2013 | 51/F | Recurrent pancreatitis post-pancreaticodudenectomy | Diagnostic ERCP | Venous and arterial air embolism Cerebral and spinal cord infarctions | Head and spinal MRI | Residual neurologic deficits |
| 32 | Vachalova et al, 2013 | 45/M | Liver cirrhosis Chronic pancreatitis Bile duct stenosis Bile duct stones | ES Removal of bile duct stones Biliary stent Second EGD | Venous and arterial air embolism Right-sided brain infarction | Head CT Autopsy | Death |
| 33 | Arora et al, 2013 | 74/F | Gallbladder carcinoma Cholangitis | 7-Fr biliary stent | Portal venous air | Radiographs during ERCP | Uneventful |
| 34 | Merini et al, 2014 | 42/F | Choledocoduodenal anastomosis Bile duct stones | Cholangiography Diagnostic ERCP | Venous and arterial air embolism Cerebral infarction | Echocardiography Head MRI | Hemiparesis |
| 35 | Athauda et al, 2014 | 36/M | Gallstone pancreatitis Third ERCP Previous PTBD | Stent removal | Venous and arterial air embolism Cerebral infarction | Head CT and MRI | Hemiparesis |
| 36 | Duburque et al, 2014 | 45/M | Chronic pancreatitis Cholestasis Abdominal pain Patent foramen ovale | ES Metal biliary stent Metal pancreatic stent | Venous and arterial air embolism Cerebral infarction | Echocardiography Coronary angiography Head MRI | Quadraparesis |
| 37 | Duburque et al, 2014 | 87/M | Bile duct stone | ES Removal of bile duct stone Biliary stent | Venous air embolism Cardiac arrest | Echocardiography | Recovered |
| 38 | Bastovansky et al, 2014 | 59/F | Bile duct stone Cholangitis and liver abscesses Bilio-enteric anastomosis Patent foramen ovale | Removal of metal biliary stent | Venous and arterial air embolism Cerebral infarction | Cerebral CT Brain MRI Transesophageal echocardiography Autopsy | Death |
| 39 | Hauser et al, 2014 | 56/F | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Bile duct stones | ES Removal of stones | Venous air embolism Ventricular fibrillation | Autopsy | Death |
| 40 | Wills-Sanin et al, 2014 | 55/F | Liver transplant for Budd-Chiari syndrome Biliary strictures Bile duct stones | Biliary stent migration Removal of stones | Venous air embolism Cardiac arrest | CT angiography | Recovered |
| 41 | Markin et al, 2015 | 66/M | Bile duct stones Portal vein thrombosis Patent foramen ovale | Replacement of biliary stent | Venous and arterial air embolism Cardiac and cerebral ischemia | Transesophageal echocardiography Cerebral CT Brain MRI | Death |
| 42 | Marchesi et al, 2015 | 51/F | Bile duct stones Recent ESWL and ES Biliary-vascular fistula Patent foramen ovale | Attempted removal of large bile duct stone | Venous and arterial air embolism Cardiac arrest | Thoracoabdominal and cerebral CT post-mortem Autopsy | Death |
| 43 | Mathew Jr et al, 2015 | 55/M | Bile duct stones | ES Removal of stones Choledochoscopy | Venous air embolism Cardiac arrest | Explolatory laparotomy Left ventricular aspiration Autopsy | Death |
| 44 | Park et al, 2016 | 69/M | Bile duct stones | EPBD Removal of stones CMS | Venous air embolism Cardiac arrest | Cerebral CT Brain MRI | Hemiparesis |
| 45 | Cooper JS et al, 2016 | 75/M | Hilar stricture Brushing and plastic biliary stent Cholangitis | Removal of biliary stent with biliary balloon and snare Mild bleeding | Venous and arterial air embolism Ventricular tachycardia | Echocardiography | Recovered |
| 46 | Maggino et al, 2016 | 24/M | Blunt traumatic pancreatic transection | Plastic pancreatic stent Bleeding | Portal air embolism | Abdominal CT | Recovered |
| 47 | Fernandez et al, 2016 | 85/M | Distal cholangiocarcinoma | Replacement of biliary stent | Venous and arterial air embolism | Cerebral CT | Death |
| 48 | Sisk et al, 2016 | 37/M | Recurrent pancreatitis Common bile duct obstruction Post-kidney transplant | Replacement of biliary stent | Venous and arterial air embolism | Transesophageal echocardiography Brain MRI | Death |
| 49 | Sisk et al, 2016 | 79/F | Cholangitis | Replacement of biliary stent | Venous air embolism Cardiac arrest | Transesophageal echocardiography | Death |
| 50 | Trabanco et al, 2017 | 85/M | Cholangiocarcinoma Cholangitis | Biopsy and replacement of biliary stent | Venous and arterial air embolism Cerebral infarction | Cerebral CT | Death |
| 51 | Barbeiro et al, 2017 | 72/F | Jaundice Dilation of the bile ducts | Precut papillotomy | Portal air embolism | Radiographs during ERCP abdominal CT | Recovered |
