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Differential diagnosis of tremor

Differential diagnosis of tremor
Tremor Description
Essential tremor Bilateral postural or kinetic tremor of the hands and forearms (≥4 Hz; usually 6 to 12 Hz) or isolated head tremor without evidence of dystonia. Absence of other neurologic signs or recent trauma preceding the onset of tremor.
Physiologic tremor Enhanced physiologic tremor. High frequency (10 to 12 Hz), presence of known cause (eg, medications, hyperthyroidism, hypoglycemia).
Parkinson disease Mixture of rest and action tremors; occasionally action tremor alone. Leg or foot tremor more common than with essential tremor, usually does not produce head tremor. Frequency 4 to 6 Hz.
Orthostatic tremor Postural tremor in the torso and lower limbs while standing; may also occur in the upper limbs. Suppressed by walking. Tremor is high frequency (14 to 20 Hz) and synchronous among ipsilateral and contralateral muscles.
Cerebellar tremor Postural, intention, or action tremor. Relatively low frequency (3 to 4 Hz). Associated with ataxia and dysmetria.
Neuropathic tremor Variable tremor type and frequency, usually postural and kinetic tremor in the involved extremities. Other signs of peripheral neuropathy present.
Rubral or midbrain tremor Mixture of rest, postural, and intention tremor with frequency of 2 to 5 Hz. Always associated with signs of brainstem or cerebellar damage.
Data from:
  1. Elble RJ. Diagnostic criteria for essential tremor and differential diagnosis. Neurology 2000; 54(11 Suppl 4):S2.
  2. Louis ED. Essential tremors: a family of neurodegenerative disorders? Arch Neurol 2009; 66:1202.
  3. Hassan A, Ahlskog JE, Matsumoto JY, et al. Orthostatic tremor: Clinical, electrophysiologic, and treatment findings in 184 patients. Neurology 2016; 86:458.
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