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Classification of proximal fifth metatarsal fractures

Classification of proximal fifth metatarsal fractures
Tuberosity avulsion (styloid) fracture - Medial end of fracture line lies proximal to intermetatarsal joint of the fourth and fifth metatarsals.
Acute proximal diaphyseal fracture ("Jones fracture") - Medial end of fracture line extends into or toward intermetatarsal joint.
Stress fracture of the diaphysis - Medial end of fracture line typically exits bone distal to intermetatarsal joint, but some fracture lines lie more proximal and extend into the distal portion of the joint.
Torg type I (early)
Torg type II (delayed union)
Torg type III (nonunion)
Adapted from: Quill GE Jr. Fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal. Orthop Clin North Am 1995; 26:353.
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