| Advancing age |
| Previous fracture |
| Glucocorticoid therapy |
| Parental history of hip fracture |
| Low body weight |
| Current cigarette smoking |
| Excessive alcohol consumption |
| Rheumatoid arthritis |
| Secondary osteoporosis (eg, hypogonadism or premature menopause, malabsorption, chronic liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease) |
