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Estimates of domestically acquired foodborne illnesses in the United States*

Pathogen	Estimated number of cases per year (mean)	Foodborne (percent)^¶	Travel related (percent)	Hospitalization rate (percent)^Δ	Death rate (percent)^Δ
Bacteria
Bacillus cereus, foodborne	63,400	100	<1	0.4	0
Brucella spp	839	50	16	55	0.9
Campylobacter spp	845,024	80	20	17.1	0.1
Clostridium botulinum, foodborne	55	100	<1	82.6	17.3
Clostridium perfringens, foodborne	965,958	100	<1	0.6	<0.1
STEC O157	63,153	68	4	46.2	0.5
STEC non-O157	112,752	82	18	12.8	0.3
ETEC, foodborne	17,894	100	55	0.8	0
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli other than STEC and ETEC	11,982	30	<1	0.8	0
Listeria monocytogenes	1591	99	3	94	15.9
Mycobacterium bovis	60	95	70	55	4.7
Salmonella spp, nontyphoidal	1,027,561	94	11	27.2	0.5
Salmonella enterica serotype typhi	1821	96	67	75.7	0
Shigella spp	131,254	31	15	20.2	0.1
Staphylococcus aureus, foodborne	241,148	100	<1	6.4	<0.1
Streptococcus spp group A, foodborne	11,217	100	<1	0.2	0
Vibrio cholerae, toxigenic	84	100	70	43.1	0
Vibrio vulnificus	96	47	2	91.3	34.8
Vibrio parahaemolyticus	34,664	86	10	22.5	0.9
Vibrio spp, other	17,564	57	11	37.1	3.7
Yersinia enterocolitica	97,656	90	7	34.4	2
Subtotal	3,645,773
Parasites
Cryptosporidium spp	57,616	8	9	25	0.3
Cyclospora cayetanensis	11,407	99	42	6.5	0
Giardia intestinalis	76,840	7	8	8.8	0.1
Toxoplasma gondii	86,686	50	<1	2.6	0.2
Trichinella spp	156	100	4	24.3	0.2
Subtotal	232,705
Viruses
Astrovirus	15,433	<1	0	0.4	<0.1
Hepatitis A virus	1566	7	41	31.5	2.4
Norovirus	5,461,731	26	<1	0.03	<0.1
Rotavirus	15,433	<1	0	1.7	<0.1
Sapovirus	15,433	<1	0	0.4	<0.1
Subtotal	5,509,597
Total	9,388,075

ETEC: enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; STEC: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli.
* All estimates based on United States population in 2006.
¶ Percentage foodborne among domestically acquired illness.
Δ For laboratory-confirmed illnesses. Unadjusted hospitalization and death rates are presented here. These rates were doubled to adjust for underdiagnosis before being applied to the number of laboratory-confirmed cases to estimate the total number of hospitalizations and deaths. The hospitalization and death rates for atrovirus, norovirus, rotavirus, and sapovirus presented here are the percentage of total estimated illness and were not subject to further adjustment.

Adapted from: Scallan E, Hoekstra RM, Angulo FJ, et al. Foodborne illness acquired in the United States—major pathogens. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17:7.

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