Abnormality | Causes |
Hypothalamic dysfunction | Isolated GnRH deficiency |
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea |
- Weight loss, eating disorders (eg, anorexia nervosa)
|
- Excessive exercise (including but not exclusively: running, ballet dancing, figure skating, gymnastics)
|
|
- Severe or prolonged illness
|
Inflammatory or infiltrative diseases |
Brain tumors – eg, craniopharyngioma |
Cranial irradiation |
Traumatic brain injury |
Other syndromes – Prader-Willi, Laurence-Moon-Biedl, leptin mutations |
Pituitary dysfunction | Hyperprolactinemia, including lactotroph adenomas |
Other pituitary tumors – acromegaly, corticotroph adenomas (Cushing's disease) |
Other tumors – meningioma, germinoma, glioma |
Genetic causes of hypopituitarism |
Empty sella syndrome |
Pituitary infarct or apoplexy |
Ovarian dysfunction | Primary ovarian insufficiency (premature ovarian failure) |
- Turner syndrome, fragile X permutation, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, somatic chromosomal defects, autoimmune, idiopathic
|
Other | Polycystic ovary syndrome |
Hyperthyroidism |
Hypothyroidism |
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2 |
Exogenous androgen use |