| Heritable predisposition |
| Constitutional genetic disorders |
| Down syndrome (trisomy 21) |
| Trisomy 8 mosaicism |
| Familial monosomy 7 |
| Neurofibromatosis 1 |
| Germ cell tumors (embryonal dysgenesis) |
| Congenital neutropenia (Kostmann's or Shwachman-Diamond syndrome) |
| DNA repair deficiencies |
| Fanconi's anemia |
| Ataxia telangiectasia |
| Bloom's syndrome |
| Xeroderma pigmentosum |
| Mutagen-detoxification (GSTq1-null) |
| Acquired |
| Senescence |
| Mutagen exposure |
| Genotoxic therapy |
| Alkylators |
| Topoisomerase II interactive agents |
| Gamma radiation |
| Beta-emitters (eg, radioactive P-32) |
| Hematopoietic cell transplantation |
| Environmental/occupational (eg, benzene) |
| Tobacco use |
| Aplastic anemia |
| Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) |
| Polycythemia vera Obesity |
