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Uptodate Reference Title
Esophageal tumor staging with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
Esophageal tumor staging with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
Panel A: Superficial esophageal carcinoma (T1b tumor) extending into the submucosa (third hyperechoic layer), but not into the muscularis propria (fourth layer). Panel B: Esophageal tumor going into the muscularis propria (fourth hypoechoic layer) but not through, defining a T2 lesion by EUS criteria. Panel C: Carcinoma of the esophagus extending through the esophageal wall and invading the adventitia (fifth layer) (T3 tumor). Panel D: EUS image of an esophageal tumor going through the esophageal wall and extending into the pleural space, defining the tumor as a T4a lesion.
Courtesy of Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, MD and Maurits J Wiersema, MD.