Joint action | Position for examination | Normal range of motion |
Elbow |
Extension | Shoulder at 90 degrees abduction | 0 degrees |
Palm facing up |
Flexion | Shoulder at 90 degrees abduction | 150 degrees |
Wrist supinated |
Supination | Elbow flexed at 90 degrees touching the iliac crest | 90 degrees |
Hand in neutral, perpendicular to ground |
Pronation | Elbow flexed at 90 degrees touching the iliac crest | 90 degrees |
Hand in neutral, perpendicular to ground |
Wrist |
Flexion | Elbow at 0 degrees | 90 degrees |
Hand fully pronated |
Extension | Elbow at 0 degrees | 70 degrees |
Hand fully pronated |