| Pericardiocentesis: |
| 1. Cardiac tamponade |
| 2. Moderate to large effusions refractory to medical therapy and with severe symptoms |
| 3. Suspected bacterial or neoplastic pericarditis |
| Pericardial biopsy and pericardioscopy (targeted biopsy in specialized center): |
| 1. Relapsing cardiac tamponade |
| 2. Suspected bacterial or neoplastic pericarditis |
| 3. Worsening pericarditis (despite medical therapy) without a specific diagnosis |
