Situation | Potential organisms encountered | Agent | Regimen: single oral dose 30 to 60 minutes before procedure |
Prevention of surgical site infection |
Surgery involving glabrous skin, nonoral | - Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
| Cephalexin | 2 g |
OR |
Clindamycin | 600 mg |
OR |
Azithromycin or clarithromycin | 500 mg |
Surgery involving ear, groin, or lower extremities (below the knee) | - S. aureus
- S. pyogenes
- S. epidermidis
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Escherichia coli
- Enterococcus
| Cephalexin | 2 g |
OR |
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 160 mg trimethoprim/800 mg sulfamethoxazole |
OR |
Ciprofloxacin | 500 mg |
Any site, increased risk of MRSA infection | | Clindamycin | 600 mg |
OR |
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 160 mg trimethoprim/800 mg sulfamethoxazole |
Prevention of infective endocarditis or hematogenous total joint infection in patients at high risk |
Surgery involving the oral mucosa | - S. aureus
- S. pyogenes
- Streptococcus viridans
| Amoxicillin | 2 g |
OR |
Cephalexin | 2 g |
OR |
Clindamycin | 600 mg |
OR |
Azithromycin or clarithromycin | 500 mg |
Surgery involving infected skin (eg, incision and drainage of skin abscess) | | Cephalexin | 2 g |
OR |
Clindamycin | 600 mg |
OR |
Azithromycin or clarithromycin | 500 mg |
Any site, increased risk of MRSA infection | | Clindamycin | 600 mg |
OR |
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 160 mg trimethoprim/800 mg sulfamethoxazole |