| Upper motor neuron signs |
| Absent abdominal reflexes |
| Lower motor neuron signs |
| Neck extension weakness |
| Truncal extension weakness; bent spine |
| Abdominal protuberance |
| Increased lumbar lordosis |
|
| Upper motor neuron symptoms |
| Stiffness and imbalance |
| Lower motor neuron symptoms |
| Neck extensors |
| Difficulty holding up the head |
| When severe produces head drop |
| Truncal extensors |
| Difficulty maintaining an erect posture |
| Lumbar extensors |
| Increased lumbar lordosis |
| Abdominal wall muscles |
| Abdominal protuberance |
| Cramps |
|
