| Drugs |
| Oral contraceptives |
| Infection |
| Cervicitis* |
| Endometritis |
| Sexually transmitted ulcerations* |
| Vaginitis |
| Benign growths |
| Cervical polyps* |
| Endometrial polyps |
| Ectropion* |
| Uterine fibroids |
| Vulvar skin tags, sebaceous cysts, condylomata |
| Vaginal Gartner's duct cysts, polyps, adenosis |
| Cancer |
| Uterine |
| Cervical* |
| Vaginal |
| Vulvar |
| Rarely ovarian or fallopian tube |
| Trauma |
| Previous cesarean delivery (ie, cesarean scar defect) |
