| Deficient intake of minerals |
| Inadequate calcium intake |
| Inadequate phosphate intake |
| Poor absorption of minerals |
| Vitamin D deficiency |
| 25-hydroxylase deficiency |
| 1-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency (previously called vitamin D-dependent rickets type I or pseudovitamin D deficiency) |
| Hereditary resistance to vitamin D (previously called vitamin D-dependent rickets type II) |
| High phytin content (eg, soy formula) |
| Antacids |
| Antiseizure medications (eg, phenytoin, phenobarbital) |
| Renal insufficiency |
| Fanconi syndrome |
| Hepatic insufficiency |
| Fat malabsorption (eg, cystic fibrosis) |
| Neocate brand formula (an elemental formula designed for children with multiple food allergies) |
| Increased excretion of minerals |
| Furosemide |
| Renal tubular dysfunction |
| Phosphaturia (eg, X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalcuria, tumor-induced osteomalacia) |
| Renal tubular acidosis with hypercalciuria |
| Renal tubular damage (eg, cystinosis, tyrosinosis, galactosemia, fructose intolerance, Wilson disease, lead poisoning, other heavy metal poisoning) |
| Tumors |
| Local defect of bone cells |
| Hypophosphatasia (alkaline phosphatase deficiency) |
