Agent |
Observed effects |
Potentially exposed workers |
Cancer treatment drugs (eg., methotrexate) |
Infertility, miscarriage, birth defects, low birth weight |
Health care workers, pharmacists |
Certain ethylene glycol ethers such as: |
Miscarriage |
Electronic and semiconductor workers |
2-ethoxyethanol (2EE) and |
2-methoxyethanol (2ME) |
Carbon disulfide (CS2) |
Menstrual cycle changes |
Viscose rayon workers |
Lead |
Infertility, miscarriage, low birth weight, developmental disorders |
Battery makers, solderers, welders, radiator repairers, bridge repainters, firing range workers, home remodelers |
Ionizing radiation (eg., X-rays and gamma rays) |
Infertility, miscarriage, birth defects, low birth weight, developmental disorders, childhood cancers |
Health care workers, dental personnel, atomic workers |
Strenuous physical labor (eg., prolonged standing, heavy lifting) |
Miscarriage, premature delivery |
Many types of workers |