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Indication for endoscopic therapy in the treatment of the three basic types of endobronchial stenosis

Indication for endoscopic therapy in the treatment of the three basic types of endobronchial stenosis
Procedure Endobronchial lesion Extrinsic lesion Mixed lesion
Laser + - +
Electrocautery + - +
Cryotherapy +* - +*
Brachytherapy +* - +*
APC + - +
PDT +* - +*
Stents - + +​¶
APC: argon plasma coagulator; PDT: photodynamic therapy.
* Contraindicated in impending respiratory failure.
¶ Indicated if postinterventional airway lumen is <50 percent of normal.
Reproduced with permission from: Bolliger, CT, Mathur, PN, Beamis, JF, et al. Eur Respir J 2002; 19:368. Copyright © 2002 European Respiratory Society Journals Ltd.
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