Malformations due to abnormal neuronal and glial proliferation or apoptosis |
Decreased proliferation/increased apoptosis: microcephalies |
Increased proliferation/decreased apoptosis: megalencepalies |
Abnormal proliferation (abnormal cell types): |
- Non-neoplastic (tuberous sclerosis, cortical dysplasia with balloon cells, hemimegalencepalie) |
- Neoplastic (association with disordered cortex): DNET, ganglioglioma, gangliocytoma |
Malformations due to abnormal neuronal migration |
Lissencephaly/subcortical band heterotopia spectrum |
Cobblestone complex |
Heterotopia (subependymal, subcortical, marginal glioneuronal) |
Malformations due to abnormal cortical organisation |
Polymicrogyria and schizencepahly |
Cortical dysplasia without balloon cells |
Microdysgenesis |
Malformations of cortical development, not otherwise classified |