| Alpha-thalassemia |
| Fetomaternal hemorrhage |
| In utero fetal hemorrhage |
| Pure red cell aplasia |
| Pyruvate kinase deficiency |
| Glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency |
| Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency |
| Spectrin protein abnormality or deficiency |
| Transient myeloproliferative disorder |
| Leukemoid reaction in response to congenital infection |
| Congenital leukemia |
| Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, DIC) |
| Blackfan Diamond anemia |
| Infections, such as cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, parvovirus |
| Lysosomal storage diseases |
| Fanconi anemia |
| Aneuploidy |
| Twin-twin transfusion syndrome, twin anemia-polycythemia sequence |
