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Major bleeding during antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation trials*

Study	Rate, percent/year
	Warfarin		Aspirin	Placebo
	All^¶	Intracranial	Aspirin	Placebo
Atrial Fibrillation, Aspirin, and Anticoagulation (AFASAK 1)	0.5	0.2	0.2	0
Boston Area Anticoagulation Trial for Atrial Fibrillation (BAATAF)	1.6	0.2	–	1.6^Δ
Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (SPAF I)	1.5	0.8	1.9	1.8
Canadian Atrial Fibrillation Anticoagulation	2.1	0.4	–	0.5
Stroke Prevention in Nonrheumatic Atrial Fibrillation	1.4	0.2	–	1.1
European Atrial Fibrillation Trial	2.6	0	0.9	–
SPAF II
≤75 y	1.6	0.5	0.9	–
>75 y	4.2	1.8	1.6	–
SPAF III	2.1	0.5	2.4^◊	–
AFASAK 2	1.1	0.6	1.4	–

* Major bleeding was defined as bleeding requiring transfusion of blood or leading to permanent disability or to death. The rate was calculated as number of events per year of treatment.
¶ Includes intracranial bleeding events.
Δ Aspirin voluntary.
◊ Aspirin plus warfarin international normalized ratio of the prothrombin time ratio, 1.2-1.5.

Reproduced with permission from Gullov, AL, Koefoed, BG, Peterson, P, Arch Intern Med 1999; 159:1322.

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