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Recommended dietary allowances, or adequate intakes, and tolerable upper limits for adult pregnant people

Recommended dietary allowances, or adequate intakes, and tolerable upper limits for adult pregnant people
  Nonpregnant/
nonlactating females		 Pregnant
(age 14 to 18 years)		 Pregnant
(age 19 to 30 years)		 Pregnant
(age 31 to 50 years)		 Upper limit
Macronutrients
Protein (as % of kcal) 10 to 30% 10 to 30% 10 to 35% 10 to 35%  
Protein 46 g 71 g 71 g 71 g  
Carbohydrate (as % kcal) 45 to 65% 45 to 65% 45 to 65% 45 to 65%  
Carbohydrate 130 g 175 g 175 g 175 g  
Fiber 25 to 28 g 25 to 34 g 28 to 36 g 25 to 34 g  
Added sugars (as % of kcal) <10% <10% <10% <10%  
Total fat (as % of kcal) 20 to 35% 25 to 35% 20 to 35% 20 to 35%  
Saturated fat (as % of kcal) <10% <10% <10% <10%  
18:3 Linolenic acid 1.1 g 1.4 g 1.4 g 1.4 g  
Minerals
Calcium 1000 mg 1300 mg 1000 mg 1300 mg 2500 mg
Iron 18 mg 27 mg 27 mg 27 mg 45 mg
Magnesium 310 to 360 mg 400 mg 350 mg 360 mg 350* mg
Phosphorus 700 mg 1250 mg 700 mg 700 mg 4000 mg
Zinc 8 mg 12 mg 11 mg 11 mg 40 mg
Iodine 150 mcg 220 mcg 220 mcg 220 mcg 1110 mcg
Selenium 55 mcg 60 mcg 60 mcg 60 mcg 400 mcg
Vitamins
Vitamin A 700 mcg RAE 750 mcg RAE 770 mcg RAE 770 mcg RAE 3000 mcg RAE
Vitamin D 600 international units 600 international units 600 international units 600 international units 4000 international units
Vitamin E 15 mg 15 mg 15 mg 15 mg 1000 mg
Vitamin K 90 mcg 75 mcg 90 mcg 90 mcg ND
Vitamin C 75 mg 80 mg 85 mg 85 mg 2000 mg
Thiamin 1.1 mg 1.4 mg 1.4 mg 1.4 mg ND
Riboflavin 1.1 mg 1.4 mg 1.4 mg 1.4 mg ND
Niacin 14 mg 18 mg 18 mg 18 mg 35 mg
Vitamin B6 1.3 mg 1.9 mg 1.9 mg 1.9 mg 100 mg
Vitamin B12 2.4 mcg 2.6 mcg 2.6 mcg 2.6 mcg ND
Choline 425 mg 450 mg 450 mg 450 mg 3500 mg
Folate 400 mcg DFE 600 mcg DFE 600 mcg DFE 600 mcg DFE 1000 mcg DFE
RAE: retinol activity equivalents; DFE: dietary folate equivalents; ND: not determinable, due to lack of data of adverse effects and concern with regard to lack of ability to handle excess amounts.
* Applies only to supplemental magnesium.
Adapted from:
  1. US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025, 9th ed. Available at: https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/ (Accessed on August 12, 2021).
  2. Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids, The National Academies Press 2000.
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