| Lower risk of all-cause mortality |
| Lower risk of cardiovascular disease mortality |
| Lower risk of cardiovascular disease (including heart disease and stroke) |
| Lower risk of hypertension |
| Lower risk of type 2 diabetes |
| Lower risk of adverse blood lipid profile |
| Lower risk of cancers of the bladder, breast, colon, endometrium, esophagus, kidney, lung, and stomach |
| Improved cognition |
| Reduced risk of dementia (including Alzheimer disease) |
| Improved quality of life |
| Reduced anxiety |
| Reduced risk of depression |
| Improved sleep |
| Slowed or reduced weight gain |
| Weight loss, particularly when combined with reduced calorie intake |
| Prevention of weight regain following initial weight loss |
| Improved bone health |
| Improved physical function |
| Lower risk of falls (older adults) |
| Lower risk of fall-related injuries (older adults) |
| For pregnant women, reduced risk of excessive weight gain, gestational diabetes, and postpartum depression |
| For people with various chronic medical conditions, reduced risk of all-cause and disease-specific mortality, improved physical function, and improved quality of life |
