| Anatomic/development defects |
| Primary pulmonary hypoplasia |
| Cystic adenomatoid malformation |
| Tracheoesophageal fistula |
| Diaphragmatic hernia |
| Congenital heart disease |
| Choanal atresia |
| Tracheal web |
| Laryngotracheomalacia |
| External compression of the trachea (eg, goiter) |
| Central nervous system malformation |
| Hydrocephalus |
| Genetic (eg, immotile cilia syndrome, surfactant protein B deficiency, urea cycle defect) |
|
| Physiologic/pathologic disorders |
| Transient tachypnea of the newborn |
| Respiratory distress syndrome |
| Meconium aspiration pneumonia |
| Pulmonary hemorrhage |
| Pulmonary edema |
| Pneumothorax |
| Hydrothorax/chylothorax |
| Aspiration pneumonia |
| Hypoglycemia |
| Metabolic acidosis |
| Respiratory alkalosis |
| Central nervous system injury |
|
