| Medications |
| Doxorubicin |
| Chloroquine |
| Deferoxamine |
| Ibuprofen |
| Iron sorbitol |
| Nitrofurantoin |
| Phenazopyridine |
| Phenolphthalein |
| Rifampin |
| Food dyes |
| Beets (in selected patients) |
| Blackberries |
| Food coloring |
| Metabolites |
| Bile pigments |
| Homogentisic acid |
| Melanin |
| Methemoglobin |
| Porphyrin |
| Tyrosinosis |
| Urates |
