Urinary pattern | Kidney disease suggested by pattern |
Hematuria with dysmorphic red blood cells, red blood cell casts, varying degrees of albuminuria | Proliferative glomerulonephritis (eg, IgA nephropathy, ANCA-associated vasculitis, lupus nephritis) |
Heavy albuminuria with minimal or absent hematuria | Nonproliferative glomerulopathy (eg, diabetes, amyloidosis, membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, minimal change) |
Multiple granular and epithelial cell casts with free epithelial cells | Acute tubular necrosis in a patient with underlying acute kidney injury |
Isolated pyuria | Infection (bacterial, mycobacterial) or tubulointerstitial disease |
Abnormal kidney function with normal dipstick and sediment containing few cells, no casts, and no or minimal proteinuria | - Prerenal acute kidney injury due to either volume contraction or an effective decrease in circulating volume (eg, heart failure, liver disease)
- Hypercalcemia
- Light chain cast nephropathy in multiple myeloma
- Tumor lysis syndrome
- Vascular disease that produces glomerular ischemia but not infarction (eg, hypertensive emergency, scleroderma, thrombotic microangiopathies) or that affects extraglomerular vessels (eg, cholesterol atheroemboli, polyarteritis nodosa)
- Urinary tract obstruction
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