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Human toll-like receptors (TLRs)

Human toll-like receptors (TLRs)
PRRs Localization Ligand Microbial origin of ligand
TLR1 Plasma membrane Triacyl lipoprotein Bacteria
TLR2 Plasma membrane Lipoprotein Bacteria, viruses, parasites
TLR3 Endolysosome* dsRNA Viruses
TLR4 Plasma membrane LPS Bacteria, viruses
TLR5 Plasma membrane Flagellin Bacteria
TLR6 Plasma membrane Diacyl lipoprotein Bacteria, viruses
TLR7/8 Endolysosome ssRNA Viruses, bacteria
TLR9 Endolysosome CpG-DNA Viruses, bacteria, protozoa
TLR10 Endolysosome Unknown Influenza virus, Listeria monocytogenes
PRRs: pattern recognition receptors; TLR: toll-like receptor; dsRNA: double-stranded RNA; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; ssRNA: single-stranded RNA; CpG: cytosine guanine dinucleotides.
* An endosome is an intracellular membrane-bound compartment of the endocytic transport pathway from the plasma membrane to the lysosome. In the context of host defense, endolysosomal refers to localization in a vesicle containing internalized microbial debris or virus that has fused with lysosomes that contain degradative enzymes.
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