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Uptodate Reference Title
Generation of stomatocytes and echinocytes
Generation of stomatocytes and echinocytes
Schematic representation of the generation of stomatocytes and echinocytes
Stomatocytes – In vitro, normal RBCs, which are disc-shaped (discocytes), can undergo conversion into stomatocytes under the influence of amphipathic cations that intercalate with the inner half of the phospholipid bilayer. This step is reversible until endocytic vacuoles form, reducing the red cell surface area and forming spherostomatocytes.
Echinocytes - Normally-shaped RBCs (discocytes) can be converted to echinocytes by ATP depletion or amphipathic anions that intercalate into the outer half of the phospholipid bilayer. This step is reversible until the tips of the echinocyte projections break off, causing a loss of surface area and spheroechinocytes. The addition of a stomatocytogenic agent to echinocytes can produce a reversal to discocytes if membrane surface area has not been lost.
RBC: red blood cell; ATP: adenosine triphosphate.
Modified from: Schrier S. Hemoglobinopathies and hemolytic anemias. In: ACP Medicine, 3rd ed, Dale DC (Ed), BC Decker Inc, 2007.
