| Primary HIV infection |
| Asymptomatic |
| Acute retroviral syndrome |
| Clinical stage 1 |
| Asymptomatic |
| Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) |
| Clinical stage 2 |
| Moderate unexplained weight loss (<10% of presumed or measured body weight) |
| Recurrent respiratory tract infections (sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, pharyngitis) |
| Herpes zoster |
| Angular cheilitis |
| Recurrent oral ulcerations |
| Papular pruritic eruptions |
| Seborrhoeic dermatitis |
| Fungal nail infections |
| Clinical stage 3 |
| Conditions where a presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical signs or simple investigations |
| Unexplained severe weight loss (>10% of presumed or measured body weight) |
| Unexplained chronic diarrhea for longer than one month |
| Unexplained persistent fever (above 37.6°C intermittent or constant for longer than one month) |
| Persistent oral candidiasis |
| Oral hairy leukoplakia |
| Pulmonary tuberculosis (current) |
| Severe bacterial infections (eg, pneumonia, empyema, pyomyositis, bone or joint infection, meningitis, bacteremia) |
| Acute necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis, gingivitis, or periodontitis |
| Conditions where confirmatory diagnostic testing is necessary |
| Unexplained anaemia (<8 g/dL), and/or neutropenia (<500 cells/microL), and/or chronic thrombocytopenia (<50,000/microL) for more than one month |
| Clinical stage 4* |
| Conditions where a presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical signs or simple investigations |
| HIV wasting syndrome |
| Pneumocystis pneumonia |
| Recurrent severe bacterial pneumonia |
| Chronic herpes simplex infection (orolabial, genital, or anorectal of more than one month's duration) |
| Esophageal candidiasis |
| Extrapulmonary tuberculosis |
| Kaposi's sarcoma |
| Central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis |
| HIV encephalopathy |
| Conditions where confirmatory diagnostic testing is necessary |
| Extrapulmonary cryptococcosis, including meningitis |
| Disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection |
| Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) |
| Candida of trachea, bronchi, or lungs |
| Chronic cryptosporidiosis (with diarrhea) |
| Chronic isosporiasis |
| Visceral herpes simplex infection |
| Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (retinitis or infection of organs other than liver, spleen, or lymph nodes) |
| Disseminated mycosis (eg, histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis) |
| Recurrent non-typhoidal salmonella bacteremia |
| Lymphoma (cerebral or B cell non-Hodgkin) or other solid HIV-associated tumors |
| Invasive cervical carcinoma |
| Atypical disseminated leishmaniasis |
| Symptomatic HIV-associated nephropathy or symptomatic HIV-associated cardiomyopathy |
Reproduced with permission from: Interim WHO clinical staging of HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS case definitions for surveillance: African Region, 2005. Copyright © 2005 World Health Organization.
