Acute renal failure |
Chronic renal failure secondary to diabetes |
Active gastrointestinal bleeding |
Unexplained fever, which may be due to infection |
Untreated active infection |
Acute stroke |
Severe anemia |
Severe uncontrolled hypertension |
Severe symptomatic electrolyte imbalance |
Severe lack of cooperation by patient due to
psychological or severe systemic illness |
Severe concomitant illness that drastically shortens
life expectancy or increases risk of therapeutic interventions |
Refusal of patient to consider definitive therapy such
as PTCA, CABG, or valve replacement |
Digitalis intoxication |
Documented anaphylactoid
reaction to angiographic contrast media |
Severe peripheral vascular disease limiting vascular
access |
Decompensated heart failure or acute pulmonary
edema |
Severe coagulopathy |
Aortic valve endocarditis |