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Sterilization failure rates compared with long-acting reversible contraceptives

Sterilization failure rates compared with long-acting reversible contraceptives
Contraceptive method Pregnancies per 1000 procedures (follow-up interval in years)
1 to 2 years 3 to 5 years 7 to 12 years
Female permanent contraception
Postpartum permanent contraception
Postpartum partial salpingectomy 1.2 (1) 6.3 (5) 7.5 (10)
Postpartum titanium clips (Filshie clips) 17 (2) – –
Interval permanent contraception
Interval partial salpingectomy 7.3 (1) 15.1 (5) 20.1 (10)
Interval titanium clips (Filshie clips) 4 (2) – –
Silicone rubber band (Falope ring) 3 (1 to 2) 10 (5) 17.7 (10)
Electrosurgery* – 3.2* (5) –
Hysteroscopic permanent sterilization(Essure) – 2.5 (5) –
Vasectomy 1.5 (1) – –
Long-acting reversible contraception
IUDs
LNG 52/5 (Mirena) 2 (1) 7 (5) 11 (7)
LNG 52/3 (Liletta)Δ 1.4 (1) 5.9 (3) / 9.2 (5) –
LNG 19.5/5 (Kyleena)◊      
LNG 13.5/3 (Skyla)§ 4.1 (1) 9 (3) –
TCu380A copper IUD (ParaGard) 8 (1) – 14 (7); 22 (12)
Etonogestrel implant (Nexplanon) 0.5 (1) – –
LNG: levonorgestrel; IUD: intrauterine device.
* With three contiguous sites of fulguration along the fallopian tube (a total length of fulguration of approximately 3 cm).
¶ LNG-releasing IUD containing 52 mg LNG at initial placement and with an initial LNG release rate of 20 mcg/day for 5 years (Mirena).
Δ LNG-releasing IUD containing 52 mg LNG at initial placement and with an initial LNG release rate of 18.6 mcg/day for 3 years (Liletta).
◊ LNG-releasing IUD containing 19.5 mg LNG at initial placement and with an initial LNG release rate of 17.5 mcg/day, which declines to 7.4 mcg/day at 5 years (Kyleena).
§ LNG-releasing IUD containing 13.5 mg LNG at initial placement and with an initial LNG release rate of 14 mcg/day for 3 years (Skyla).
References:
  1. Peterson HB, Xia Z, Hughes JM, et al. The risk of pregnancy after tubal sterilization: findings from the U.S. Collaborative Review of Sterilization. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 174:1161.
  2. Peterson HB, Xia Z, Wilcox LS, et al. Pregnancy after tubal sterilization with bipolar electrocoagulation. U.S. Collaborative Review of Sterilization Working Group. Obstet Gynecol 1999; 94:163.
  3. Rodriguez MI, Edelman AB, Kapp N. Postpartum sterilization with the titanium clip: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 2011; 118:143.
  4. Lawrie TA, Kulier R, Nardin JM. Techniques for the interruption of tubal patency for female sterilization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 9:CD003034.
  5. Rios-Castillo JE, Velasco E, Arjona-Berral JE, et al., Efficacy of Essure hysteroscopic sterilization--5 years follow up of 1200 women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:580.
  6. Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, et al. Contraceptive Technology, 20th ed, Ardent Media, Inc, New York 2011.
  7. Eisenberg DL, Schreiber CA, Turok DK, et al. Three-year efficacy and safety of a new 52-mg levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Contraception 2015; 92:10.
  8. Nelson A, Apter D, Hauck B, et al. Two low-dose levonorgestrel intrauterine contraceptive systems: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2013; 122:1205.
  9. Sivin I, Stern J, Cutinho E, et. al. Prolonged intrauterine contraception: a seven-year randomized study of the levonorgestrel 20 mcg/day (LNg 20) and the Copper T380Ag IUDs. Contraception 1991; 44:473.
  10. Bayer Pharmaceuticals. https://hcp.kyleena-us.com/about-kyleena/efficacy/ (Accessed on November 01, 2018).
  11. Long-term reversible contraception. Twelve years of experience with the TCu380A and TCu220C. Contraception 1997; 56:341.
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