Inflammatory exudation due to mucosal erosions or ulcerations |
Inflammatory bowel disease |
Crohn disease |
Ulcerative colitis |
Gastrointestinal malignancy |
Gastric cancer |
Lymphoma |
Kaposi sarcoma |
Alpha chain disease |
Pseudomembranous colitis due to Clostridium difficile |
Erosive gastritis and multiple gastric ulcers |
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) enteropathy |
Post-chemotherapy |
Cap polyposis |
Graft-versus-host disease |
Intestinal loss of lymphatic fluid due to lymphatic obstruction |
Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia |
Right-sided heart failure |
Heart failure |
Constrictive pericarditis |
Congenital heart diseases |
Fontan procedure for single ventricle |
Retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement (eg, due to chemotherapy, infection, or toxin exposure) |
Cirrhosis/portal hypertensive gastropathy |
Hepatic venous outflow obstruction |
Enteric-lymphatic fistula |
Mesenteric venous thrombosis |
Mesenteric tuberculosis or sarcoidosis |
Sclerosing mesenteritis |
Neoplasia involving the mesenteric lymph nodes or lymphatics |
Chronic pancreatitis with pseudocysts |
Crohn disease |
Whipple disease |
Thoracic duct obstruction |
Congenital malformations of lymphatics |
Retroperitoneal fibrosis |