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Non-psychiatric conditions associated with acute psychosis in children

Condition

Substrate deficiency

Hypoglycemia*

Cerebral hypoxia*^¶

CNS abnormality

Brain tumor*

Brain abscess*

Intracranial injury (head trauma)*

CNS infection (meningitis, encephalitis)*

Stroke*

Interictal psychosis

Temporal lobe epilepsy

Landau-Kleffner syndrome

SSPE*

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Metabolic disease

Urea cycle defect*

Acute intermittent porphyria*

Wilson disease*

Other

Electrolyte disturbance*^Δ

Hepatic failure*

Uremia*

Postpartum psychosis*

Hashimoto thyroiditis (Hashimoto encephalopathy)

Thyroid storm*

Antiphospholipid syndrome

CNS: central nervous syndrome; SSPE: subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
* Life-threatening.
¶ Causes of cerebral hypoxia include cardiac insufficiency, pulmonary insufficiency, and severe anemia.
Δ Acute psychosis may be seen with hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia. Hypo- or hypernatremia may cause encephalopathy with delirium.

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