| Nose |
| Deviated septum |
| Rhinitis (allergic or non-allergic) |
| Choanal atresia |
| Nasal polyps |
| Oropharynx |
| Tonsillar hypertrophy* |
| Macroglossia |
| Retro/micrognathia |
| Infiltration by mucopolysaccarides (Hunter/Hurler syndromes) |
| Obesity |
| Oropharyngeal burns |
| Acute skull base angle |
| Pharyngeal flap |
| High arched palate |
| Nasopharynx |
| Midfacial hypoplasia |
| Adenoidal hypertrophy* |
| Hypopharynx |
| Laryngotracheomalacia |
| Vocal cord paralysis |
| Vascular ring |
| Subglottic stenosis |
| Hemangioma |
| Neurofibroma |
